Motivational Interviewing (MI)

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a client-centred, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence according to Wikipedia. It’s often used in health and addiction settings to help individuals identify their own reasons for change, strengthen their commitment to change, and build confidence to change according to Ausmed. It’s a collaborative approach that emphasises empathy, respect for the client’s autonomy, and a focus on their own goals and values according to the Australian Psychological Society. 

Key aspects of Motivational Interviewing:
  • Client-centred:

    The focus is on the individual’s perspective and experiences, rather than imposing a specific course of action. 

  • Goal-oriented:

    It aims to help individuals clarify their goals and identify steps they can take to achieve them. 

  • Ambivalence resolution:

    It acknowledges that ambivalence (mixed feelings about change) is normal and works to help individuals resolve it. 

  • Enhancing intrinsic motivation:

    The goal is to tap into the individual’s own reasons for wanting to change, rather than relying on external pressure. 

  • Collaborative and respectful:

    MI involves a partnership between the practitioner and the client, with a focus on building trust and rapport. 

  • Versatile application:

    While initially used in substance abuse treatment, MI is now widely used in various health and social settings, including mental health, chronic disease management, and health behaviour change. 

Specific techniques used in MI include:
  • Open-ended questions:

    Encouraging the client to elaborate on their thoughts and feelings about change. 

  • Affirmations:

    Acknowledging the client’s strengths and efforts towards change. 

  • Reflective listening:

    Demonstrating understanding by paraphrasing and summarising the client’s statements. 

  • Summaries:

    Providing concise recaps of the conversation to promote clarity and direction. 

  • Developing discrepancy:
    Helping the client see the gap between their current behaviour and their desired goals.